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Atlas
Artus Quellinus i (1609–1668), Amsterdam, ca. 1656, terracotta
Both façades of the Town Hall are surmounted by three bronze statues. On the rear elevation, Atlas shoulders a celestial globe – of which this is the scale model (without the globe) – with Temperance and Vigilance at his side. On the front elevation, Peace is flanked by the virtues Wisdom and Justice. The message expressed here is that universal peace, on earth and in heaven, depends on these four virtues.
- Artwork typesculpture, model
- Object numberBK-AM-51-7
- Dimensionsheight 78 cm
- Physical characteristicsterracotta
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Identification
Title(s)
- Atlas
- Atlas, Model for a Statue on the West Facade of the Amsterdam Town Hall (now Royal Palace) at Dam Square
Object type
Object number
BK-AM-51-7
Description
Both façades of the Town Hall are surmounted by three bronze statues. On the rear elevation, Atlas shoulders a celestial globe – of which this is the scale model (without the globe) – with Temperance and Vigilance at his side. On the front elevation, Peace is flanked by the virtues Wisdom and Justice. The message expressed here is that universal peace, on earth and in heaven, depends on these four virtues.
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Creation
Creation
sculptor: Artus Quellinus (I), Amsterdam
Dating
1650 - 1651
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Material and technique
Physcial description
terracotta
Material
Technique
Dimensions
height 78 cm
This work is about
Subject
Place
Acquisition and rights
Credit line
On loan from the City of Amsterdam
Ownership
Copyright
Provenance
Commissioned by the City of Amsterdam, 1650/51;{A list of works for which Quellinus was paid in four instalments between 6 January and 12 September 1651 includes a _belt van een atlas 3 voet hooge_ (a sculpture of atlas 3 feet high) for 60 guilders) and _noch eenen atlas tot meerder verbetering_ (another atlas for greater improvement) also for 60 guilders, see Stadsarchief Amsterdam (hereafter: SAA), archive 5039 (Thesaurie Ordinaris), inv. no. 624, no. 5. Also see no. 11, where the models are mentioned again as a _eenen grooten atlas - 60_ [gulden] and _noch eenen tot meerder verbetereringe - 60_ [gulden]. See H. Vreeken, `Quellinus´ boetseersels voor het zeventiende-eeuwse stadhuis op de Dam´, in M. Jonker et al., _In beeld gebracht: Beeldhouwkunst uit de collectie van het Amsterdams Historisch Museum_, coll. cat. Amsterdam 1995, pp. 38-59, esp. p. 48.} from the artist,{K. Fremantle, `The Fountains Designed for Van Campen´s Amsterdam Town Hall and Quellien´s Models for Them´, _Album discipulorum aangeboden aan J.G. van Gelder ter gelegenheid van zijn 60ste verjaardag_ (_Utrechtse Kunsthistorische Studiën_ 7), Utrecht 1963, pp. 101-18, esp. p. 104 (note 15): _dewijl zijn werk lootse nu affgebroken wordt dat haer Edele_ [burgemeesters] _sullen laten affhalen de modellen vande beelden die hij ten behoeve dezer Stede gemaeckt heeft_ (while his workshop is being closed, that her Noble [burgomasters] shall have the models of the sculptures that he made on behalf of this City collected). See also H.J. Wiggers, `De stad Amsterdam en haar vroegste beeldencollectie´, in M. Jonker et al., _In beeld gebracht: Beeldhouwkunst uit de collectie van het Amsterdams Historisch Museum_, coll. cat. Amsterdam 1995, pp. 60-75, esp. p. 62 (referring to A.W. Kroon, _Het Amsterdamsche stadhuis (thans Paleis), 1625-1700: Zijne geschiedenis naar onuitgegeven officiële bronnen bewerkt_, Amsterdam 1867, p. 138).} transferred to the Town Hall (now Royal Palace) at Dam Square, Amsterdam, 1664;{H.J. Wiggers, `De stad Amsterdam en haar vroegste beeldencollectie´, in M. Jonker et al., _In beeld gebracht: Beeldhouwkunst uit de collectie van het Amsterdams Historisch Museum_, coll. cat. Amsterdam 1995, pp. 60-75, esp. pp. 62-64. The models were initially kept in the Thesaurie Ordinaris (Treasury) of the town hall. Around 1700, most were moved to the art cabinet in the _kunstkamer_ (art chamber) on the third floor, see _Wegwyzer door Amsterdam_, Amsterdam (Nicolaas ten Hoorn) 1713, p. 446. From 1768 on, the task of overseeing the models´ preservation was assigned to the Stadstekenacademie (City Drawing Academy), also located in the aforementioned _kunstkamer_. In 1769, academy director Cornelis Ploos van Amstel compiled an inventory of all sculptures in the art chamber. This inventory also included Quellinus´s models, see SAA, archive H. 86.003 (Library), Cornelis Ploos van Amstel, _Notitie van Boetseersels en Pleisterbeelden enz bewaard wordende op de kunstkamer van het stadhuijs der stad Amsterdam_ (January 1769). From November 1796 to April 1806, the Stadstekenacademie was obliged to (temporarily) vacate the town hall art chamber on the orders of the French occupier. During this period, it is not known where the models were stored, though presumably they remained in the town hall, albeit without oversight. In April 1806, the models were moved to the _rariteitenkamer_ (curiosity chamber), also called the Diplomatieke Bibliotheek (Diplomatic Library).} transferred to the Stadstekenacademie (at two or three successive locations), Amsterdam, 1808;{The collection was moved in 1808, when Louis Napoleon took up residence in the town hall. H.J. Wiggers, `De stad Amsterdam en haar vroegste beeldencollectie´, in M. Jonker et al., _In beeld gebracht: Beeldhouwkunst uit de collectie van het Amsterdams Historisch Museum_, coll. cat. Amsterdam 1995, pp. 60-75, esp. pp. 67-68. See also SAA, archive 265 (Stadstekenacademie), inv. nos. 1-4 and 6-54.} transferred to the Koninklijke Academie van Beeldende Kunsten (old Exchange of Hendrick de Keyser), Amsterdam, 1821;{H.J. Wiggers, `De stad Amsterdam en haar vroegste beeldencollectie´, in M. Jonker et al., _In beeld gebracht: Beeldhouwkunst uit de collectie van het Amsterdams Historisch Museum_, coll. cat. Amsterdam 1995, pp. 60-75, esp. p. 70, referring to SAA, archive 265 (Stadstekenacademie), inv. no. 4 (minutes of 1818-1821).} transferred to the Oude Mannenhuis, Amsterdam 1837;{H.J. Wiggers, `De stad Amsterdam en haar vroegste beeldencollectie´, in M. Jonker et al., _In beeld gebracht: Beeldhouwkunst uit de collectie van het Amsterdams Historisch Museum_, coll. cat. Amsterdam 1995, pp. 60-75, esp. pp. 70-71. See also SAA, archive PA 681 (Koninklijke Academie van Beeldende Kunsten), inv. no. 7.} transferred to the Town Hall at the Prinsenhof, Amsterdam, 1878;{H.J. Wiggers, `De stad Amsterdam en haar vroegste beeldencollectie´, in M. Jonker et al., _In beeld gebracht: Beeldhouwkunst uit de collectie van het Amsterdams Historisch Museum_, coll. cat. Amsterdam 1995, pp. 60-75, esp. p. 72. See also SAA, archive H. 86.003 (Library).} on loan to the museum, since 1887{See SAA, archive H. 86.002 (Library).} **or** Commissioned by the City of Amsterdam, 1650/51;{A list of works for which Quellinus was paid in four instalments between 6 January and 12 September 1651 includes a _belt van een atlas 3 voet hooge_ (a sculpture of atlas 3 feet high) for 60 guilders) and _noch eenen atlas tot meerder verbetering_ (another atlas for greater improvement) also for 60 guilders, see Stadsarchief Amsterdam (hereafter: SAA), archive 5039 (Thesaurie Ordinaris), inv. no. 624, no. 5. Also see no. 11, where the models are mentioned again as a _eenen grooten atlas - 60_ [gulden] and _noch eenen tot meerder verbetereringe - 60_ [gulden]. See H. Vreeken, `Quellinus´ boetseersels voor het zeventiende-eeuwse stadhuis op de Dam´, in M. Jonker et al., _In beeld gebracht: Beeldhouwkunst uit de collectie van het Amsterdams Historisch Museum_, coll. cat. Amsterdam 1995, pp. 38-59, esp. p. 48.} from the artist,{K. Fremantle, `The Fountains Designed for Van Campen´s Amsterdam Town Hall and Quellien´s Models for Them´, _Album discipulorum aangeboden aan J.G. van Gelder ter gelegenheid van zijn 60ste verjaardag_ (_Utrechtse Kunsthistorische Studiën_ 7), Utrecht 1963, pp. 101-18, esp. p. 104 (note 15): _dewijl zijn werk lootse nu affgebroken wordt dat haer Edele_ [burgemeesters] _sullen laten affhalen de modellen vande beelden die hij ten behoeve dezer Stede gemaeckt heeft_ (while his workshop is being closed, that her Noble [burgomasters] shall have the models of the sculptures that he made on behalf of this City collected). See also H.J. Wiggers, `De stad Amsterdam en haar vroegste beeldencollectie´, in M. Jonker et al., _In beeld gebracht: Beeldhouwkunst uit de collectie van het Amsterdams Historisch Museum_, coll. cat. Amsterdam 1995, pp. 60-75, esp. p. 62 (referring to A.W. Kroon, _Het Amsterdamsche stadhuis (thans Paleis), 1625-1700: Zijne geschiedenis naar onuitgegeven officiële bronnen bewerkt_, Amsterdam 1867, p. 138).} transferred to the Town Hall (now Royal Palace) at Dam Square, Amsterdam, 1664;{The _Prudentia_ ([BK-AM-51-6](/en/collection/BK-AM-51-6/catalogue-entry)) and one of the two Atlas-models ([BK-AM-51-7](/en/collection/BK-AM-51-7/catalogue-entry) or [-8](/en/collection/BK-AM-51-8/catalogue-entry)) were stored separately from the other Quelliniana for a long time: they remained in the Thesaurie Ordinaris and were never transferred to the _kunstkamer_. In April 1806, the models were moved to the _rariteitenkamer_ (curiosity chamber), also called the Diplomatieke Bibliotheek (Diplomatic Library) and subsequently transferred to the _rariteitenkamer_ of the town hall in the Prinsenhof, after which they were given in long time loan with the other Quelliniana to the newly opened Rijksmuseum in 1887, see H.J. Wiggers, `De stad Amsterdam en haar vroegste beeldencollectie´, in M. Jonker et al., _In beeld gebracht: Beeldhouwkunst uit de collectie van het Amsterdams Historisch Museum_, coll. cat. Amsterdam 1995, pp. 60-75, esp. pp. 62 and 67-73.} transferred to the Town Hall at the Prinsenhof, Amsterdam, 1808;{H.J. Wiggers, `De stad Amsterdam en haar vroegste beeldencollectie´, in M. Jonker et al., _In beeld gebracht: Beeldhouwkunst uit de collectie van het Amsterdams Historisch Museum_, coll. cat. Amsterdam 1995, pp. 60-75, esp. pp. 69, referring to a list compiled and signed by Arend Fokke Simonsz in 1808, with works which were transferred from the Thesaurie to the new _rariteitenkamer_ in the Prinsenhof. See SAA, archive H. 86.003 (Library), A. Fokke Simonsz, _Aanteekeningen betreffende de voornaamste Oudheden der stad Amsterdam_ [...], Amsterdam, 20 January 1808.} on loan to the museum, since 1887{See SAA, archive H. 86.002 (Library).}
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